Watch out for your mates…. Tales of Meningitis

 

“I was revising in the library for my last exam, getting excited to go home for the summer when I felt a rush of shiver run through me. I got a headache, felt sick and cold.  My headachegot worse as the day went on and I was so tired.  My friend lent me his jacket and I fell asleep with my head on the desk for a while”

And about another university student-

“The next day she said she still felt under the weather, was going to bed early. We owe her life to her housemate, Andy, who noticed she hadn’t got up the next morning.”

Both of these students had meningitis and survived due to their friends seeking medical help and calling 999 when they were found seriously unwell.

Meningitis is thankfully rare, and rates of one type- Meningitis C – are reducing, due to vaccination with the Meningitis C vaccine. But we cannot vaccinate against all types yet.

Meningitis can affect all age groups, but young adults are at higher risk. This is especially the case for students living in halls and socialising in larger groups.

So what is Meningitis?

It’s inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord- the meninges. Septicaemia is the blood poisoning form of infection.

Viral meningitis is the most common form, and is usually less serious than bacterial meningitis. There are around 2,500 cases of bacterial meningitis yearly in the UK, and double that number of viral cases.

 In the UK the most common form of bacterial meningitis is meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia often occur together. 10% of bacterial meningitis cases result in death and 15% will result in long term complications.

So what do you need to watch for?

General symptoms

These symptoms can develop as part of the body’s normal response to an infection.

  • Vomiting and/or diarrhoea
  • Severe lethargy (tiredness, exhaustion, fatigue)
  • Irritability/Unsettled behaviour
  • Ill appearance
  • Severe joint/muscle pain
  • Headache
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Fever

Specific symptoms of MENINGITIS

These are more specific to meningitis and are less common in other illnesses.

  • Stiff neck 
  • Dislike of bright light 
  • Seizure, stiff/jerky movements
  • Altered mental state/confusion 

Specific symptoms of SEPTICAEMIA

These symptoms are more specific to septicaemia. However, other illnesses may also cause some of these symptoms, such as the non-fading rash.

  • Cold hands & feet 
  • Leg pain 
  • Abnormal skin colour 
  • Altered mental state/confusion
  • Non-fading rash 

So what to do?

Make sure you have had your Meningitis C immunisation (and check for 2 MMR injections too whilst you’re at it!)

Be aware of the symptoms and signs of meningitis and septicaemia, and act on any concerns- seek help!….and watch out for your mates!

 

http://www.meningitisuk.org/

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Meningitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx

Download the free app- Meningitis signs and symptoms by the Meningitis Trust

Road Traffic Accidents Kill More People in the World than Malaria!

Got your attention?! It definitely got mine reading this- perhaps unbelievable? But true. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), road traffic accidents (RTAs) kill more people around the world than malaria, and are the leading cause of death for young people aged 5 to 29 – especially in developing countries. Each year WHO estimates that worldwide 1.3 million people are killed on roads and up to 50 million people are injured in RTAs, globally.

Many of the students I see each year in our Travel Clinics travel to SE Asia, Thailand being a very popular destination and usual first port of call for most. Thailand has been classed as one of the deadliest holiday destinations for Britons. This is a direct result of fatal motorbike accidents.

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) statistics show that between 1st April 2012 and 31st March 2013, there were 870,164 visitors to Thailand. During this time there were 389 deaths and 285 hospitalisations, this number has increased by 31% (a third) and was linked to RTAs.

Thailand is the 4th country in the world in which Britons are most likely to require consular assistance (behind Spain, USA and France).

I know when I was backpacking in my early 20’s around Thailand, I was not made aware of these dangers in my pre travel clinic appointment, and I was totally ignorant/unaware of these risks. So there I was happily zipping around on a scooter- in my shorts, flip-flops and vest, no helmet on- I can’t actually remember if I had any insurance to ride one! I had a few near misses, but fortunately I was lucky- nothing serious.

Like me, often tourists to hot destinations ride scooters with no helmet while wearing shorts, a vest top and flip-flops. Think aboutwhat might happen  if you fell off your scooter- the risk of major injury and need for hospitalisation is significant. Also many backpackers, being broke, forgo travel insurance as well.

In March 2013, the Foreign Office launched a road safety campaign for driving abroad. The focus is very much on Thailand:

‘After deaths from natural causes, road traffic deaths are the most common cause of death for British nationals in Thailand and cause a high number of hospitalisations. The majority of RTAs involve motorcycles and scooters, although serious accidents also occur with other vehicles. For instance, in the past year a number of British nationals were involved in accidents whilst travelling by overnight coach.’

Mark Kent, Her Majesty’s Ambassador to the Kingdom of Thailand, said:

“British nationals using the roads in Thailand should bear in mind that road laws and driving customs here are different from those in the UK and road conditions, driving standards and road traffic regulations can vary.”

So if you are planning on motorcycling around Thailand, as many backpackers do, what safety measures can you exercise?

*Make sure you can ride one safely first! Many people have their first try on a scooter whilst abroad and may not be familiar with the controls and how to ride one.

*Make yourself aware of the laws and driving customs in the Country

*Wear a helmet: Thai law states that safety helmets must be worn- this is widely ignored in Thailand.

*Ensure you have comprehensive, adequate travel insurance- due to financial pressures you may skip on travel insurance in a bid to save money- this may have significant repercussions in the event of any accident/injury.

*Check the small print of the lease agreement and don’t hand over your passport as a guarantee against returning a motorcycle or scooter. Unscrupulous owners have been known to hold on to passports against claimed damage to the motorcycle or scooter.

*Bear in mind, many of the motorcycles and scooters that are available for hire in beach resorts are unregistered and cannot legally be driven on a public road. This could invalidate any travel insurance policy should you wish to make a claim.

Finally… Do not drink and drive

 

Sources:

 

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212707/British_Behaviour_Abroad_report_2012-13.pdf.

 

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-office-launches-road-safety-campaign-for-driving-abroad.

 

https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/thailand/safety-and-security.

 

 

 

Rabies – Cost vs. Protection/Risk

Blah Blah Blah…. “For India you are recommended to have your free NHS Hepatitis A and Typhoid”…. Cool that’s what my other friends have all decided to have as they’re free… Blah Blah Blah…. “Food and water precautions”…..I’m starving, wonder what to have for dinner tonight… Blah Blah Blah… “You are up to date with your tetanus, diphtheria and polio”… Great one less injection!… Blah Blah Blah… “Rabies is high risk”…. Blah Blah Blah… “£150 for the primary course of 3 immunisations”Blimey that’s expensive don’t think I’ll have those injections…  Blah Blah Blah… “In the event of a scratch or a bite, you would then only require 2 post exposure injections”…Blah Blah Blah… “In stead of 5 injections over 30 days and immunoglobulin”… Blah Blah Blah… “Malaria”…Oh looks like its brightened up outside, hopefully won’t get wet walking home…  Blah Blah Blah.

 

People do tend to ‘zone out’ during their travel clinic appointments especially when prices of vaccines are discussed or indeed have a lack of awareness of risks at their destinations.

Travel can be very expensive, flights, accommodation, activities, food, drink whilst away, equipment, clothes, travel insurance… etc…

Travel vaccinations tend to be low down on the list of priorities but are in fact very cost effective – the majority are effective for a few years, so if you are planning long haul trips in the future they are a good investment, and obviously they could also prevent you from becoming seriously unwell, disrupting your trip or having to spend a fortune on medical treatment whilst away.

Many travellers we see in our travel clinics are planning on visiting ‘high risk’ destinations for rabies.

 

Rabies is a serious, fatal infection transmitted through a scratch, bite or lick of broken skin/mucous membrane of an infected mammal- these include bats, dogs etc…

There is a pre travel/exposure vaccination course that consists of 3 injections on day 0, 7, 21 or 28. By completing this course you will be considered ‘fully immunised’ and as an infrequent traveller to a high risk destination will only then need to consider a booster at 10 years if you are travelling again to a high risk area, so it is good value for money. (This advice will alter for those travellers at continuous or frequent risk – the nurse will advise these travellers accordingly).

Guidance for considering immunising ‘infrequent travellers to high risk destinations’ includes:

  • Those travellers who may not be able to promptly (<24 hours) access a major medical centre for advice and safe, reliable post exposure rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin (if these products are available).
  • Those travelling for more than 1 month.
  • Those doing higher risk activities e.g. cyclists/runners
  • Those working or living in remote areas.
  • Children, who may lack awareness of the need to avoid animals or to report an animal bite.

 

You will always need post exposure treatment in the event of any suspected rabies contact, and what you receive post exposure will depend on what you have received pre exposure

.

Post Exposure Treatment:

 

High Risk Unimmunised/incompletely immunised Individual i.e. has not received 3 pre travel/exposure rabies injections Fully Immunised Individuali.e. has received 3 pre travel/exposure rabies injections
  Five doses (each 1ml ampoule of 2.5 IU) rabies vaccine on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30, plus HRIG (within 7 days of starting the course of vaccine) Two doses (each 1ml ampoule of 2.5 IU) rabies vaccine on days 0 and 3 – 7

 

 

Points to emphasise are that there is a worldwide lack of rabies post exposure immunoglobulin (HRIG), so you may have great difficulty accessing this at your destination, and even if post exposure rabies vaccines and immunoglobulin are available at your destination, they may not be safe or reliable. Immunoglobulin is a blood product and may also carry the risk for blood borne viruses e.g. HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

 

So if you are travelling to a high risk destination for rabies it is always worth considering a pre-exposure course of vaccine, as it is cost effective- booster not considered for another 10 yrs, and negates the need of ‘risky’/ ‘unavailable’ immunoglobulin at your destination if you have no immunity/pre travel injections.

Ultimately the advice is just to stay away from any animals!

 

Further reading/information on rabies and what to do immediately after any contact/emergency 1st aid:

http://www.who.int/rabies/rabnet/en.

http://www.nathnac.org/travel/factsheets/rabies1.htm.

 

Anything Goes

Just returned from a backpacking trip? I bet you have brought back lots of souvenirs, mementos, memories, photos, a lovely tan…? What about Chlamydia, Genital Warts, Herpes, or even HIV?

Yes that innocent looking, healthy, gorgeous person you had unprotected sex with may look like they are clean or may have reassured you they have no infections but how do you know? Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have no symptoms… (50% of men and 70-80% of women don’t get symptoms at all with Chlamydia infection), so if some people who have an STI don’t know they are infected- how do you know?

Sun, sea and sex can go hand in hand together with perhaps an increased alcohol intake- ‘beer goggles’ can cause misjudgements about people we sleep with abroad. Inhibitions are lowered and an ‘anything goes’ attitude is created. So you may have also brought back more than you expected from your trip in the form of an STI.

STIs are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. Blood borne viruses e.g. HIV, Hepatitis B can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth, and through blood products.

Common infections include:

  • Gonorrhoea
  • Chlamydia
  • Syphilis
  • Chancroid
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (causes AIDS)
  • Herpes simplex virus 1 and type 2 (causes genital herpes)
  • Human papillomavirus (causes genital warts and certain other subtypes lead to cervical cancer in women)
  • Hepatitis B virus (causes hepatitis and chronic cases may lead to cancer of the liver)
  • Trichomonas

World Health Organisation stats:

  • 499 million new infections of curable sexually transmitted (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) infections occur yearly. throughout the world with the largest proportion in the region of south and south-east Asia, followed by sub Saharan Africa, and Latin American and the Caribbean, in adults aged 15-49 years
  • Sexually transmitted infections are an important cause of infertility in men and women.
  • Drug resistance, especially for gonorrhoea, is a major threat to STI control globally.
  • STIs can increase the risk of HIV acquisition three-fold or more
  • Untreated gonococcal and chlamydial infections in women will result in pelvic inflammatory disease in up to 40% of cases. One in four of these will result in infertility
  • Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection is the leading cause of genital ulcer disease in developing countries. Data from sub-Saharan Africa show that 30% to 80% of women and 10% to 50% of men are infected. Among women in Central and South America, prevalence ranges from 20% to 40%. In the developing Asian countries, prevalence in the general population ranges from 10% to 30%. In the United States of America, the prevalence of the HSV 2 infection among 14–49-year-olds is 19%
  • Hepatitis B virus results in an estimated 350 million cases of chronic hepatitis and at least one million deaths each year from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Condoms Condoms Condoms!

Think about your sexual health (and contraception) before you go, especially if you are visiting one of the higher risk countries on your travels, and always insist on using a condom! Using a condom greatly reduces your risk for an STI or unwanted pregnancy.

 

Take a supply of UK kite mark condoms, which you can obtain here at SHS, and take care with latex condoms as these can be damaged with oil based lubricants- Vaseline, sun screen etc… Take an adequate supply of contraception or emergency contraception as these may not be easily obtained in certain countries.

Watch your alcohol and drug intake too, as an increased consumption of these may lead you to having unprotected sex. Think about having a hepatitis B vaccination course before you travel.

Remember it takes only one episode of unprotected sex to leave you with an STI, unwanted pregnancy or HIV.

If you have had unprotected sex whilst away- book into SHS or your local sexual health clinic for a full STI screen.

Remember that some STIs don’t have any symptoms so it’s always worth having a check up on your return.

If you do develop any symptoms don’t worry, just book an appointment to get yourself checked out.

 

 

http://www.mariestopes.org.uk/documents/travelguide.pdf.

http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/sexualhealth/pages/sexonholiday.aspx.

http://www.nathnac.org/travel/factsheets/stis.htm.

 

BBQ safety!

Plan ahead for barbecue weather!

The summer break has arrived for most students, and while the weather might not be as sunny and warm as we’d all hoped, there has been the odd day of great weather.

Barbecues are one of the most popular social activities over the summer but before you dust off your old barbecue and start heating up the coals, here is some essential fire and barbecue safety advice from fire safety specialists Firemart (www.firemart.co.uk).

Take care when deciding where to position your barbecue
Barbecues should only be used on flat surfaces, outdoors, and you should ensure they are not placed near any shrubs, trees or any furniture which could catch fire.

It’s also worth thinking about your use of the outdoor area – any games or activities taking place should be kept well away from the barbecue area, as well as away from any children or pets.

Safe Barbecue usage
If you’re in charge of cooking on the barbecue we advise that you avoid drinking alcohol until your cooking duties have finished.

For coal barbecues, only use approved barbecue lighter fluid, and make sure you use the minimum amount necessary. You should never use petrol or other fuels which were not meant for barbecues as these can ignite ferociously…and there could be the added side effect of your food tasting strange!
Choose barbecue utensils like tongs and forks which have long handles.

Food preparation

Aside from the fire safety elements, there are also some considerations when it comes to preparing your food for the barbecue. If you’re cooking meat from the freezer, ensure it is properly thawed before you cook it.

Remember that raw meat needs to be kept separately from cooked food – use different containers and utensils for each.

To avoid upset tummies the next day, ensure your meat is cooked on the barbecue throughout by turning it regularly.

After your Barbecue

Wait until your barbecue has cooled down completely before you attempt to move it or clean it, and never place hot barbecue coals into your bin. If your barbecue has a lid, you can speed up the cooling down process by placing the lid on – this removes the oxygen.

Some final tips
If the sun is out, don’t forget to wear sun screen, and if you’re feeling too hot then spend some time in the shade. Keep yourself hydrated throughout the day by drinking plenty of water.

 

If you keep the above guidance in mind, and plan in advance for the next day of good weather, your next barbecue should be a success!

A student’s account of depression

I’m sick of waking up every morning and just being unbelievably tired, I never get to not feel tired, especially now. And it’s so frustrating because when I’m not tired, or when I’m working well then I’m actually pretty good, but when I’m not I’m just awful, and I can’t work and it’s horrible. I literally have very briefly seen how good I can be, and that’s always in my head somewhere being chased around and held down by being suicidal and being always tired and self-hatred and guilt and regret. I don’t know how to get it out, or bring it to the forefront or anything. I think suicide is different now, it’s not actively wanting to die, it’s wanting to not exist, because existence is 90% tiredness and guilt and regret and hate, and trying and failing to cover all of that up. 
I tried to meditate this morning and for a couple of minutes actually felt alright, it was like I had picked up and wrenched my life around out of this horrible black river of depression, and slowly scraped all of what I wanted out of that river, and piled it up into an island, and that island is what I clung to before, and it was a horrible island, it was self-harm and video game addictions and drinking and promiscuity, but it wasn’t death, which I think is what the river is, or at least it wasn’t suicide, for as long as you were on the island. And eventually you’d get sucked back into the river; because the island would get washed away, and you’d have to gather it all back up again, with more of the same. And medication helps, I think that in this played out river- metaphor, the medication doesn’t teach you to swim, it just gives you something to hold onto to stay afloat whilst you teach yourself.
Anyway, in this meditative state I was in, I’d made a fire on that island, and that fire was everything that I’d ever hated about me, and me paying for having been who I’d been, and it was awesome. I don’t really know how to describe a somewhat spiritual thing, and I know this is tangential, but it’s like writing down one of your dreams, so excuse the self-indulgence for a second. I’d made this fire, and on the fire I’d put everything, I’d put all the stuff that I’d done to stay here, it was weird, it was like putting events on the fire but they were like pictures of the events, so I put pictures of me cutting myself, and me crying, and pictures of me isolating myself from my family, so many pictures of all of that, and they were all things I did to survive. And then this fire was growing, and it wasn’t really a fire, it was me, and it was the person that I wanted to be, and it was taking all the bad stuff that I’d done to get to where I am, and burning it, not in a sense of burning it away, just in a sense of it was what was fuelling the fire, it was still there on the fire. And my dissertation was on there, and all the times that I’ve beaten myself up when I’ve been an idiot in social situations were on there, and the fire was quite big now. 
Slowly out of the fire, and this is quite weird, all the people that I care about and want to protect came out of this fire, and they were standing round the fire, on this island in the middle of a river of black suicidal thoughts and death, and I was the fire, I was making myself better by having been through all the stuff that I’ve been through, and they were slightly warming themselves by the fire, like I’d made this fire so that they could be warm, and so that I could be warm too. But it was a really surreal feeling, because there were hundreds of people, and they were all sort of standing around this fire, with the people who I’m closest to standing nearest and then everyone else taking a slight back step, and they were shifting, and in the front row of this circle were my family and my friends from home and university people, although I’m not sure how much to read into that. But everyone was standing around this fire which I’d made, and I think in this dream/whatever, I was supposed to think that the benefits of me getting better and giving myself wholly to this fire, was that it didn’t just warm me, it could warm other people, and then once I thought that, everyone sort of lit up, not like a light bulb, but as in, if you imagine people standing in front of a fire they were lit in this flickering light, and it made no sense because obviously the people in the front would cast shadows but there were no shadows. 
And then everyone really gradually started smiling, not sympathetic smiles, just like a compilation of all the smiles that I’d ever made them smile, and it was only really small, like a little twitch in the corner of their lip, but it was there. And it made me want to carry on, and it made me think that I wanted to carry on with that fire, despite how awful it has been, and how awful it still is, because it’s not just warming me, it’s warming other people too, or at least preventing them from heading into the river. And that was the other thing too, it made me think that in my life if I could ever stop people from going into that river, then I should, and I will, that’s what I want to do with my life. And at the end of it all, I was crying, in real life, because I hate it like 99.99% of the time, I hate having to make a fire, and not just jumping into the river and giving it all up, but then sometimes it is worth it, having a fire, not just for your sakes, but for other people.
And I think in some sense, and this whole thing sounds massively martyr-y, and I hope you don’t judge me for that, it’s genuinely not like that, I think it’s something that I’d thought before, I’ve probably mentioned it before, that if you can’t find a reason to live for yourself then you should find it in others. I thought that first when I tried to kill myself, but couldn’t because I thought I heard mum coming home. That was when I was first like “if it weren’t for other people I would almost certainly be dead right now”. And that’s okay, I think.

But yeah, I’m actually semi-smiling right now, because I think in thinking of that fire thing a couple of hours ago, that’s what I’ll think about now, when I feel myself heading down that path, because, and this is huge, and that’s why I’m smiling, I felt myself coming down this breakdown path when I started writing this, but now, I’m actually okay, that is the first and only time that I’ve ever managed to avoid a breakdown, and it’s just because I typed out this fire thing. So even if you don’t read it, then it’s served a huge purpose for me, and really great. So thank you for reading this.

 

This account was written by a student who wanted others to know that they are not alone, and that they too can get help from Students’ Health and the Counselling Service. Just give us a call or pop by if you are feeling down and would like help.

 

I’d rather admit I like Justin Bieber

Obviously an extreme example, but apparently us blokes would rather own up to liking the irritating pint-sized pop prince than admitting we’re feeling down. We’d rather admit to being a bad driver, not liking football and having problems getting an erection.  All rather than opening up and saying, “I feel crap”. Are we stuck with some weird macho ideal, of ‘manning-up’, ‘zipping up the mansuit’ or ‘growing a pair’? Maybe the bravest thing is admitting things aren’t quite right…

This week (10 – 16 June) is Men’s Mental Health Week, and the Men’s Health Forum is challenging men to talk about feeling crap before acting on it. Men and women experience mental health problems in roughly equal numbers, yet men are much less likely to be diagnosed and treated for it.  The consequences can be fatal –3 in 4 suicides are by men and 73% of people who go missing are men.  In the UK, over 4500 men kill themselves each year and two-thirds of drink-related deaths are male. More men hang themselves than die on the roads.

Martin Tod, chief executive of the Men’s Health Forum, reckons: “If all men could talk about how they were feeling with confidence, I don’t think we’d be looking at horrific figures like these. Whatever the problem, your GP has heard it before. And these days there are telephone and online options too. Don’t bottle it up.”

For online information check out http://www.malehealth.co.uk/howRU

The best place to start though? Probably with your GP; not with JB.

http://www.bristol.ac.uk/students-health/

Like the ad used to say, ‘it’s good to talk’…

Cheers,

A. Bloke Esq.

‘Safeguarding adults’; what does that mean?

Every adult has a right to respect dignity, privacy, equity and a life free from abuse. That is the firmly held belief of all those who work here at Students’ Health Service, and we see our role partly as being here to protect ‘vulnerable adults’. Many of us hear that phrase and think of adults with learning disabilities, say, but it also encompasses any adult who, because of mental ill health, emotional disturbance, physical disability, cultural or social isolation, may lack the resources to protect themselves against significant harm or exploitation. So it can, unfortunately, describe some of the students we look after, and even someone you might know, though you may not have considered them ‘vulnerable’ before.

If you are worried about someone, that they may be being abused or exploited, or if you are worried about yourself, then we are here to help you. The whole team receives training in supporting adults with safeguarding issues, and we can engage other services to help us if we need to. Examples of abuse include physical violence in a relationship, sexual abuse, including where someone is pressurised to consent, not just where consent was withheld, psychological abuse through intimidation or hostility, and financial abuse such as theft, and misuse of benefits. We are also aware of occasional cases of racial and discriminatory abuse, and are able to offer support in these situations too.

Abusers can be someone the vulnerable adult knows well, or a person in a position of authority above them. Whatever the situation we can ensure confidentiality and sharing of information on a need to know basis, and we will not disclose personal information inappropriately.

If you suspect abuse, please report it. If you would like our support then please talk to any one of our clinical team, and we will ensure you are cared for with the respect and dignity that everyone deserves.

 

Other support;

 

Hate crime unit; http://www.avonandsomerset.police.uk/community_safety/hate_crime/help-and-support.aspx

Domestic abuse; http://www.avonandsomerset.police.uk/community_safety/crime_reduction/violent_crime/domestic_violence/index.aspx

http://www.wellaware.org.uk/organisations/12984-bristol-freedom-programme

http://www.nextlinkhousing.co.uk/

 

 Honour based violence; http://www.karmanirvana.org.uk/

Legal Highs; a dangerous lottery

For the team at Students’ Health the ‘Festival Season’ usually heralds a significant increase in the number of cases of Trench Foot we deal with. A combination of knee deep mud for 3 days and cheap footwear is guaranteed to lead to a consultation for a grim looking foot with bits hanging off.

However we have also noted over the last few years a significant increase in the number of people worried about how they are feeling after taking a ‘legal high’ whilst partying.  These after-effects can last days, and as we have little research available on them we can’t be sure that they won’t have long term detrimental effects too.

Names of legal highs include; benzo fury, bubble, m-cat, liquid E, and scoop.

So before you head off to Glasto/ Bestival/ Winchester Chamber Music Festival 2013 (just kidding!) perhaps consider this…

 

  • Legal highs are substances that are taken like illegal drugs, such as cocaine, but not currently covered by the misuse of drugs laws, and therefore legal to possess or use.
  • Just because they are legal they are not necessarily approved for use or safe. Most are not suitable for human consumption. They are usually sold as ‘plant food’ or ‘bath salts’.
  • Some legal highs contain illegal compounds.
  • Risks are unpredictable as their components can change from one pill to the next. Recent research at the club drugs’ clinic in London found that 2 items, identically packaged, purchased from the same website on the same day were in fact 2 completely different chemical compounds when analysed. You would have no idea what you are actually taking.
  • Some previously legal highs have now become illegal, eg Black Mamba, Annihilation and Mexxy, and others are being looked at all the time by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.
  • Their effects include drowsiness, paranoid states, reduced inhibitions, seizures, coma and death. Some completely destroy the bladder, leading to permanent incontinence.

 

Taking legal highs is a risky business, and if you are interested in reports from users then click on the link below.

http://www.talktofrank.com/drug/legal-highs

We want you to enjoy the summer and all the festivals, whatever your musical tastes! Please think seriously about the consequences of  entering the ‘legal high lottery’.

Feeling Pale and Pasty?!

Feeling pale and pasty? Feel like a quick visit to the tanning salon to use the sun bed? Think again….

Recent research published in the British Medical Journal has shown evidence that the increase in use of artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation such as indoor tanning devices like sun beds is associated with an increase in risk  of the 3 main skin cancers including malignant melanoma, an aggressive form. This risk is increased if the first exposure to artificial UV radiation is before the age of 35 yrs.

The authors of the study estimated that 3438 cases of malignant melanoma could be prevented each year in Western Europe by avoiding exposure to indoor tanning. The World Health Organisation has now classified tanning beds as a group 1 carcinogen alongside tobacco smoking and asbestos.

Still feeling pale and pasty? Feel like planning a holiday somewhere hot and sunny? Think again…..

It has long been recognised that excessive exposure of the skin to the direct UVA and UVB rays of direct sunlight increases the risk of developing skin cancers of all types. Episodes of sunburn greatly increase this risk as skin cells that are damaged are at greater risk of becoming abnormal and cancerous.

Take measures to be ‘sun safe’

Avoid the sun when the sun is strongest in the middle of the day.

Cover up when you are out in direct sunshine for a prolonged time.

Use high factor sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection and reapply it regularly.

Still feeling pale and pasty? There is an answer……

Opt for a spray tan and take a walk, quite literally, on the sunny side of the street. Exposure to a moderate amount of direct sunlight is actually beneficial.

Vitamin D is vital for good health, growth and strong bones and is made in the skin with the help of sunlight. We also get a small amount from the foods we eat (oily fish, egg yolk and fortified foods eg. some breakfast cereals).

To prevent deficiency of Vitamin D it is estimated that we need 2 to 3 sun exposures per week in the summer months (April to September), lasting 20-30 mins, to bare arms and face. This needs to be in direct sunlight and not through a window. This is not the same as suntanning and sunburn should be avoided at all costs.

How can we help?

If you have any new or changing skin lesions, and particularly if you have been a heavy user of indoor tanning and sun beds, or have a history of multiple episodes of sunburn, the doctors at the Students’ Health Service

would be very keen to take a look at them. The earlier any skin cancer is caught, the better the outcome of treatment.

Further information:

Sunsmart- www.cancerresearchuk.org/sunsmart

Sun Awareness Fact sheet- www.bad.org.uk/site/734/default.aspx

Sun and Health- www.patient.co.uk/health/sun-and-health

Reference:

BMJ 6 October 2012 Volume 345.

Editorial p7, Research p14/15, Personal View p31